Dti is extremely sensitive to subtle differences in the architecture of white matter. Diffusion tensor imaging in anxiety disorders springerlink. Dti is an mri tech nique, in which the local diffusion coef. Diffusion tensor imaging abnormalities in the cerebellum. In addition to area, another type of measure may be necessary to identify abnormalities in the corpus callosum in autism. It has been shown that diffusion weighted imaging dwi using diffusion gradients in only three directions underestimates the magnitude of the anisotropy in tracts that are oblique to the diffusion gradients basser et al.
Diffusion tensor imaging, adhd, age, brain development. Diffusion tensor imaging was used to investigate cerebellar structure in children with combined epilepsy adhd and adhd alone, at the university of basel, switzerland. Localize eloquent brain areas for neurosurgical planning. Dti is an mri technique, in which the local diffusion coef. Tbss is a voxelwise analytic tool implemented in fmri software library fsl. This image, visualized in our neuroimaging software suite, brainmagix, displays an overview of the brains main white matter bundles.
Morphometric analysis was performed using mristudio software. Diffusion tensor imaging uncovers several keys to adhd diagnostic imaging. We assessed whether group differences in fa, da, and dr could be found and related to cognitive function. A diffusion tensor imaging study in children with adhd. Dti can be used for tractography inferring axon connectivity patterns to compare axonal connections between populations. There is a growing literature investigating adhd using dti. Sep 22, 2014 using diffusion tensor imaging, we defined fractional anisotropy, a metric related to white matter microstructure, along with measures of diffusion perpendicular radial and parallel axial to. Magnetic resonance imaging mri and solution phase nmr. Diff prep is used for image resampling, motion, eddy current distortion, and epi distortion correction using a structural image as target, and for rigid body re.
Diffusion tensor imaging dti allows in vivo examination of the microstructural integrity of white matter brain tissue. Study using diffusion tensor imaging mri finds greater brain changes in children on adhd meds than adults. It can not only handle diffusion tensor data but can also process high angular resolution diffusion imaging hardi data as well as diffusion spectrum imaging dsi data and qball imaging data. Brain injury when a routine brain mri shows no abnormality. Unique white matter microstructural patterns in adhd. Taking advanced diffusion imaging to the clinic for. A diffusion tensor imaging studyin children with adhd. Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging dwi or dwmri is the use of specific mri sequences as well as software that generates images from the resulting data that uses the diffusion of water molecules to generate contrast in mr images. Taking advanced diffusion imaging to the clinic for pediatric patients with adhd. A consecutive cohort of 83 age and sexmatched children with newly diagnosed and nevertreated adhd mean age 10.
Diffusion tensor imaging dti is a magnetic resonance imaging technique that enables the measurement of the restricted diffusion of water in tissue in order to produce neural tract images instead of using this data solely for the purpose of assigning contrast or colors to pixels in a crosssectional image. Diffusion tensor imaging of the corpus callosum in autism. Diffusion tensor imaging dtibased white matter mapping in. Diffusion tensor imaging of the normal pediatric spinal cord using an inner field of view echoplanar imaging sequence. Adult patients were recruited from the adult adhd program at psyq. The neurography institute is the worlds leading expert source for diffusion tensor imaging. This study examined differences in wm microstructure using diffusion tensor imaging dti data from 20 adhd pi, 18 adhd c, and 27 typically developed children. Diffusion tensor imaging studies in adhd commonly attribute increased fa to reduced fibre branching 30, 31 or excessive myelin hyperplasia resulting from an adaptive process in response to.
A fiber coherence index for quality control of btable orientation in diffusion mri scans. However, to date, little is known about specific white matter wm regions differentiating adhd presentations. Fractional anisotropy is used to characterize the diffusion tensor imaging. The study was approved by a committee for medical research. To investigate microstructure of white matter fiber tracts in pediatric bipolar disorder pbd and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adhd. A diffusion tensor imaging studyin children with adhd, autism spectrum disorder, ocd, and matched controls. The corpus callosum is the largest commissural white matter pathway that connects the hemispheres of the human brain. This software package is written in python with tkinter. Diffusion tensor imaging dti comprises a group of techniques where calculated eigenvalues. Distinct and nondistinct white matter disruption and dimensional brainbehavior relationships. Diffusion tensor imaging and fiber tractography of human. Diffusion tensor imaging medicalimage analysis and. Diffusion tensor imaging dti is an mr imaging modality that provides information about the direction and integrity of neural fiber tracks in the brain invivo. Diffusion surfaces fiber tractography the algorithms 30 slides deterministic.
Structural mri and diffusion tensor imaging dti in asperger sydrome. Adhd medication may affect brain development in children. The functionality includes diffusion tensor imaging dti, diffusion kur. Abstract diffusion tensor imaging dti has become one of the most popular mri techniques in brain research, as well as in clinical practice. Our study evaluated dti in two groups of children with adhd to. Magnetic resonance imaging mri provides valuable data for understanding the human mind and brain disorders, but inscanner head motion introduces systematic and spurious biases. Where t1 and fmri scans are normalized based on intensity scales, diffusion tensor images instead offer the ability to register tensors, that have both length and. Jul 27, 2016 a diffusion tensor imaging study in children with adhd, autism spectrum disorder, ocd, and matched controls. Prenatal drug exposure may influence the developing brain. Increased regional fractional anisotropy in highly screened. Dti is a development of dwi in which diffusion gradients are.
Diffusion tensor imaging and neurocognition in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia michelle n. Dti studies have been performed in several psychiatric disorders, especially in those for which a developmental or a neuropsychiatric component was postulated. When starting out in a new imaging field like diffusion tensor imaging it is easy to be overwhelmed by different processing steps and tools. Whitematter abnormalities in attention deficit hyperactivity. Fuse multimodal brain images, from any mri, ct, or pet scanner. Taking advanced diffusion imaging to the clinic for pediatric.
Individual differences in impulsivity predict head motion. Neuropsychological outcome and diffusion tensor imaging in. Impairment of frontostriatal and parietal cerebral networks correlates with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adhd psychopathology in adults. This provides a powerful tool to visualize the brain whitematter tracts and to assess the changes due to diseases or trauma. A surprising involvement of the brain stem in adhd children has led researchers to hypothesize that a brain circuit involving the frontal lobe and. Diffusion tensor imaging dti data were acquired using a seepi sequence with. The prevalence of adhd around the world is about 7 percent of the population. Methods a diffusion tensor imaging dti study was conducted at 3 tesla on age and iqmatched children and adolescents with pbd n, adhd n, and healthy controls hc n15. The emphasis is on optimizing these technical factors for stateoftheart diffusion weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging dti based on the best available evidence in the literature. Diffusion tensor imaging dti mri dti takes advantage of water naturally diffusing more readily along axons to determine primary directions of neural fibers. Mri magnetic resonance imaging if imaging modality is mri with no prefix such as f, for fmri, this refers to structrual mri smri fmri functional mri.
Structural mri and diffusion tensor imaging dti in asperger. Neuropsychologist digby ormondbrown introduces dti as sexy radiology. The diffusion rate varies around barriers between different structures in the body, and this trait can be used to create a complex and detailed map of internal structures with the assistance of dti. This data is weighted with known information about the rates of diffusion between different types of tissue to create a. Psychoradiologic utility of mr imaging for diagnosis of. Diffusion tensor imaging in attention deficithyperactivity disorder. Using diffusion tensor imaging dti for the first time to study this population, researchers at. This means that the probability distribution of diffusing water molecules follows a multivariate 3d gaussian distribution. A diffusion tensor imaging study in children with adhd, autism.
Corregistering imaging data and generating deformation field for mapping images from individual spaces to a template or target space. It allows the mapping of the diffusion process of molecules, mainly water, in biological tissues, in vivo and noninvasively. Diffusion tensor imaging and fiber tractography of human brain pathways the brain 5 slides mr diffusion weighted imaging 20 slides the diffusion surface 30 slides the surface shape statistical analysis visualization. Diffusion tensor imaging is used to map the anisotropy of the water diffusion in the tissues. Dti and volumetric measurements of the total corpus callosum and subregions genu, body and splenium. This study examined whether intracranial neuroimaging abnormalities in those with mild traumatic brain injury mtbi i.
Fuse multimodal brain images, from any mri, ct, or pet scanner surfermagix module. Using diffusion tensor imaging dti for the first time to study this population, researchers at north shorelong island jewish health system recorded microscopic damage to the brains white matter. This software package is developed for processing diffusion tensor imaging dti data, under the auspice of national institute of biomedical imaging and bioengineering nibib and a grant from shanghai commission of science and technology. Diffusion imaging and behavioral measures were acquired in 200 children and adolescents adhd. Increased regional fractional anisotropy in highly. Dti study of white matter fiber tracts in pediatric. A recent publication from frontiers in neuroscience tries to offer an answer to most of these questions in their appropriately named article. Dti diffusion tensor imaging tractography uses diffusion tensor data and allows 3d visualization of specific white matter tracts. The arc and the brain mapping unit are the cambridge node of a multicentre study of neuroanatomy and brain function in autism, called the eu aims autism interventions multicentre study.
Diffusion surfaces fiber tractography the algorithms 30 slides. In addition, mr diffusion tensor imaging suggests that drug therapy repairs the damaged fiber bundles indicated in adhd pathology. Diffusion tensor imaging in musculoskeletal disorders. Diffusion tensor imaging dti questions and answers in mri. Following tractbased spatial statistics, multigroup comparison of white matter indices. Diffusion tensor imaging dti is a type of magnetic resonance imaging which uses the rate at which water diffuses between cells to gather information about the internal structures of the body. The tortoise software package is used for processing diffusion mri data. By generating fractional anisotropy fa maps, the extent to which water diffusion is greater in one direction compared with others, the organization of white matter in the brain.
Dti processing software tools tuesday, march 26, 20 do tromp 0 comments when starting out in a new imaging field like diffusion tensor imaging it is easy to be overwhelmed by different processing steps and tools. Optimized tensor estimation based on noisy diffusion weighted imaging dwi data. He explains clearly how dti can offer insight into brain functioning that traditional mri scans cannot. Microstructural abnormalities in the combined and inattentive subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Diffusion tensor imaging dti fiber tracking imagilys. Diffusion tensor imaging reveals white matter abnormalities in. Distinct and nondistinct white matter disruption and dimensional brainbehavior. The sources of many common diffusion image artifacts are also explored in detail. Diffusion tensor imaging dti is an mribased neuroimaging technique which makes it possible to estimate the location, orientation, and anisotropy of the brains white matter tracts.
Images of regions of interest colored lines in the white matter skeleton representation. Thus far, the use of dti has been very limited in panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and. Diffusion imaging applications in neuropsychiatric disorders. The study participants underwent pre and postmusicaltraining evaluation with diffusion tensor imaging dti of the brain. Common brain changes found in children with autism, adhd and.
While traditional scans show the anatomical structures of the brain, d. Dti diffusion tensor imaging, a type of diffusion mri. However, these advanced protocols require long scan times and any motion during this time results in artifacts and loss of signal. In this study, diffusion tensor imaging dti was performed on subject groups with highfunctioning autism and controls matched for age, handedness, iq, and head size. Diffusion tensor imaging in patients with epilepsy and. Diffusion tensor imaging uncovers several keys to adhd. Our aim was to study wm characteristics with dti in children with prenatal opiate and polysubstance exposure and in controls. Diffusion tensor imaging of the cerebellumprefrontal area. Structural mri and diffusion tensor imaging dti in. Diffusion tensor imaging dti findings in adult civilian.
Adhd represents a disorder of altered structural connectivity of the brain, characterized by. However, fa results in adhd should be considered with caution, since many studies did not examine potential group differences in head motion, and most of the studies reporting no. We propose to develop clinically feasible methods for the acquisition and analysis of advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging dmri of pediatric patients and apply it to study micro and macro level pathology in attentiondeficit hyperactivitydisorder adhd. Here we performed dtistudies on inattentive children,who hadreceived clinical treatment. Dti can often reveal the actual injury that is invisible on standard mri. May 03, 2020 the science behind diffusion tensor imaging is very complex, but put in the simplest of terms, this type of medical imaging involves agitating molecules with electromagnetic radiation and recording the release of that energy. The number of brain studies with dti is growing steadily and, over the last decade, has produced more than 700 publications. Previous structural and functional mr studies had found wholebrain volumetric and functional differences in the right frontal lobe and cerebellum of patients with adhd.
Mar 30, 2012 diffusion tensor imaging dti can be used to examine the structural integrity of regional white matter and to map white matter tracts. A diffusion tensor imaging study in children with adhd, autism spectrum disorder, ocd, and matched controls. Routine diffusiontensor processing, including head motion and eddycurrent correction, brain extraction, and tensor model fitting were performed by using software fsl, fmrib software library. Diffusiontensorimaging dti can be useful in both diagnosing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adhd and following up with patients during treatment, according to research presented monday. A growing diffusion tensor imaging dti literature total n 1,717 and a plethora of apparent findings suggest atypical interhemispheric connection in adhd.
The poster, diffusion tensor imaging of the cerebellumprefrontal area in adhd children, remains on display in the pediatric campus, rooms s101ab, through friday. Fractional anisotropy images were calculated and normalized by linear transformation. Pdf several diffusion tensor imaging dti studies in attention deficit hyperactivity. Diffusion tensor imaging calabash cpd courses for health. Jul 06, 2016 functional magnetic resonance imaging fmri acquisitions with cognitive stimulations, involving attention, working memory and semantic processing, and emotional stimulations, fmri acquisitions at rest without activation, diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging dti acquisitions, 3d anatomic acquisitions. Dti is an advanced mri technique, which identifies microstructural. Brainmagix combines the most advanced neuroimaging techniques into a unified, vendorneutral, and clinicallyoriented software suite. An important distinction between diffusion tensor imaging and other imaging modality like t1 anatomicals or fmri scans, is that dti allows for a more sophisticated normalization. Voxelwise and atlasbased regionofinterest analyses were performed. Dti can provide sensitive information on integrity of white matter wm and. The brain anatomy of attentiondeficithyperactivity disorder.
Following removal of nonbrain tissue, the diffusion tensor was fitted at each voxel using fsl diffusion toolbox software 27, producing diffusion. White matter microstructure and the variable adult outcome of. Diffusion tensor imaging enables visualization and characterization of white. Diffusion tensor imaging dti is a noninvasive method for mapping the diffusion properties of tissue water basser and pierpaoli, 1996. Standard white matter integrity measures like fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity derived from diffusion tensor imaging were analyzed in prodromalhd subjects. Regular diffusionweighted dw imaging produces images based on only the sum or average of the eigenvalues. Dtk is a complete software package that does reconstruction, fiber tracking, analysis and visualization. Diffusion tensor imaging of white matter and correlates to. The study is led by institute of psychiatry, director prof declan murphy.
Mri investigations in attention deficit hyperactivity. Diffusion tensor imaging dti can be used to examine the structural integrity of regional white matter and to map white matter tracts. Assessment of reduced field of view in diffusion tensor imaging of the lumbar nerve roots at 3 t. For example, one can determine the location of the corticospinal tract or the thalamocortical tract with the help of dti tractography. Huntingtons disease hd is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder that causes progressive breakdown of striatal neurons. White matter characteristics and cognition in prenatally. Diffusion tensor imaging in attention deficithyperactivity.
We hypothesized that i as a group, participants with complicated mtbis would report greater symptoms and have. Quantify the atrophy of the brain and its structures fmri module. Data from left and right anterior thalamic radiation atr were averaged. Diffusiontensor imaging aids in adhd diagnosis, treatment. This study focused on diffusion tensor imaging dti of white matter in a large sample of pae participants that allowed us to examine correlations with behavioral outcomes. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adhd is the most common neurological disorder in children and adolescents prevalence of 7% worldwide.
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